Case Study On Oresund Bridge Construction Essay

Case Study On Oresund Bridge Construction Essay Oresund Bridge is constructed across the Oresund strait; it is the longest rail and road bridge in the whole of Europe. [1] It connects two metropolitan areas namely Danish capital Copenhagen and City of Malmo in Sweden. . The international European route E20 runs across the bridge and through the tunnel. This Bridge acts as a link between Main land Europe and the rest of the Scandinavia. The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors which influence estimating, maintenance, safety and construction techniques of the bridge and to recommend improvements that can help in the further growth and popularity of the bridge. Identify factors that negatively affect the Oresund Bridge. Develop a method to help the users who travel through the longest road and rail Bridge with ease and level of comfort. Analyze the results and propose a model solution to improve the performance. The primary factors which affect the construction of the bridge are discussed in detail and some of the recommendations are also included. Developing a safety analysis of the safety performance factors will help to prevent accidents by anticipating and mitigating hazards that occur frequently. The historical factors will be discussed about the past construction by the engineers and architects and some statistics are provided to show the evolution of the Bridge and how it affected the constru ction industry in past, On the economical front the methods which were used to reduce the cost of the project and current market estimation about the construction techniques are also discussed. The organizational factor, which is considered to be more significant discusses about the relationship of bridge and the places which it is connected to and the cityscape. Its behavior and contribution to the people and place, representativeness, terms and policies to use the bridge will be thoroughly analyzed. The procedural factors will be discussed which include provision of safety and equipment, and maintenance of the bridge. The geographical location of Oresund region is very favorable for transporting goods between Scandinavia and Baltic countries, however earlier the main bottle neck in realizing this is the infrastructure. The Oresund Bridge provided a solution for this as the completion of the bridge in 2000 has improved the Infrastructure. In fact the modern infrastructure is one of the main positive aspects of the Oresund Region. The modern motorway and railway around the two cities set a high standard which connects Copenhagen and Malmo. Access to Copenhagen airport and Malmo airport has improved. The merger of Copenhagen port and Malmo has resulted in formation of a company which is the largest importing port of cars in Nordic region [2]. All the four transportation systems have been well planned in the Oresund Region when compared to similar systems in Europe. When the fixed link across Fuhrman belt is completed around 2018 2020, it will connect 10 million people in Southern Scandinavia and Nor thern Germany in that this new traffic lanes will link the Oresund Region with Hamburg. This may create new opportunities in the future for manipulating the synergies that arise from bringing together the two capitals. [2] Considering the strengths of the Oresund Region which are network platforms for marketing and research and production across borders and institutional drawbacks. For six different platforms Oresund region is a parasol organization which reflects the regions strength: Medicon Valley Academy, Oresund IT, Oresund Food Network, Oresund Environment Academy, Oresund Design, and Oresund Logistics. The Oresund University is yet another network in which 12 universities and institutions of higher education in the region work together to strengthen research and education in the Oresund Region. Between Scandinavia and Europe Network platforms. The bridge in a global context measured by scientific output, Copenhagen Malmo Lund ranks 5th in Europe. Measured by overall life quality, the Oresund Region also scores highly 8th after cities in Southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Measured by population, the region ranks 23rd.Measured in economic terms, the region ranks 10th alongside cities li ke Milan, Hamburg, Berlin, Madrid, Rome and Stuttgart. [2] Several factors influenced the development of the project which include, environmental, economic and political. For example by the end of the old war, and the start of globalization has forced the two countries to look for ways of improving the economy of the region, also the Swedens approach to be a part of the European Union has been the main driving factors. Railway tracks and motorway from Fosie Lernacken: 10 km of new double tracked railway (Oresundsbanan). The railway runs parallel with the motorway in a 90m wide corridor. The first stop on the route is Malmo Syd or Svagertorp.The motorway runs from Fosieby, where it connects the outer ring road to the toll station at Lernacken. This section includes two major interchanges and several smaller overpasses. At Lernacken the Traffic Centre and the toll station for vehicles and are situated. The Traffic Centre is responsible for operating the toll station, monitoring the motorway traffic and monitoring the technical systems. The toll station has got 11 lanes in each direction with a capacity of 200 vehicles an hour/lane and 10 toll booths in each direction. [5] The Oresund Bridge has a profound effect on the geographical, economic and culture of the people in this Scandinavian region. The completion of the project has enabled the economic development of the region and also paved a path for Sweden to be a part of the European Union. A new avenue for trade has been opened and also enabled the industries in European main land to tap the rich human resources in this region. The project has provided the local population with employment and also helped the local industry such as material providers which include steel, concrete etc.It also improved the tourism of the place which happens to be the main sources of economy. In the course of this paper we discussed the advantages of cable stayed process over suspension type of bridges in shallow type water. We also discussed the effects on the environment and measures taken to preserve it. We also gave details of the cost incurred for the completion of the project and as a personal opinion a better pl anning could have reduced the costs further. This is supported by the data provided where the original estimates differed from actual costs by huge amounts. It is common knowledge that the traffic on the roads and bridges increases with time and seen from the graph there is a 17% increase in the traffic over Oresund Bridge in 1st 6months. This is quite normal, and the rate may not sustain, but even then there can be expected that there will be a considerable increase in the traffic in coming future, if not 17% at least 10%, in such case the Oresund bridge with its two lanes for the in either direction will reach its capacity in a decade time. This demands to look for ways to increase the lanes. The carriageway does not reach to the edge of the truss. It would be possible to cast a wider deck element with the possibility of adding an extra lane in either direction. This would bring the carriageway closer to the edge of the bridge and add a significant amount of dead load to the structure. Another option would be to hang new truss elements off the side of the existing deck. This would seem to be a more complex procedure than the first one suggested, but could add more than one lane in either direction. All of these modifications would have effects on the loading of the bridge and strengthening works could well be required for both the cables and the piers.

Lincoln Electric

Should Lincoln Electric enter through an acquisition, a Greenfield site or some type of joint venture? Why? Lincoln should enter through a Greenfield site because an acquisition strategy would not meet Lincoln acquisition criteria’s and Lincoln would likely pay more than it has been used to pay in the past. There might also be issues with family control and competitors in a JV. Lincoln brand is valued in SE Asia and will help Lincoln establish a strong manufacturing base to penetrate the Indian market. However, to be successful with its Greenfield site, Lincoln must adapt its Incentive Plan to meet India’s labour market institutions.Lincoln has to be agile as an organisation to meet the demands of the foreign environment and adapt its corporate culture to the local market. investing in a major facility there? The decision to invest in a major facility in India must be taken with a risk/benefits review of the political and economic conditions, the nature of the market, a nd the competitive situation in India. The political condition is stable and the economy is booming so Lincoln is taking a calculated risk in investing there. Lincoln is financially sound at this time to undertake the planned Indian expansion.Lincoln should be able to finance the expansion given the strong Income Statements since 1994. The opportunities in India are tremendous in the metal fabrication sector. Lincoln can serves this growing market via exports from other locations but it quickly needs to add manufacturing capabilities in India to position itself advantageously. Manufacturing directly in India will enable lower costs, more competitive pricing of welding supplies and competitive advantage when Indian manufacturers start asking for more sophisticated welding technologies like automation and welding robots.Should Lincoln Electric enter through an acquisition, a Greenfield site or some type of joint venture? Why? Lincoln should enter through a Greenfield site because an a cquisition strategy would not meet Lincoln acquisition criteria’s and Lincoln would likely pay more than it has been used to pay in the past. There might also be issues with family control and competitors in a JV. Lincoln brand is valued in SE Asia and will help Lincoln establish a strong manufacturing base to penetrate the Indian market.However, to be successful with its Greenfield site, Lincoln must adapt its Incentive Plan to meet India’s labour market institutions. Lincoln has to be agile as an organisation to meet the demands of the foreign environment and adapt its corporate culture to the local market. Where to place Lincoln's production facilities abroad? In his Distance Still Matter paper, the Harvard teacher Pankaj Ghemavat uses the CAGE model to measure the cultural, administrative, geographic and economic distance between trading countries.Success or failure in foreign markets expansion is often linked to a misinterpretation of the distance framework by man agers. A good CAGE analysis is a must to develop international expansion strategies. Lincoln being an American corporation, it makes business sense to pursue geographical expansion in Commonwealth countries. These countries have a smaller CAGE trading distance with the USA than other countries with different heritage (i. e. Francophonie, Asia). Consequently, India with its British heritage is an excellent choice for Lincoln and market entry might be easier than it was in China.

The Sloth

Sek Budapest International School English Work no. 1 Poetry analysis Song Yuan Shan 15. 01. 10 The poetry analysis of The Sloth by Theodore Roethke The title of the poem ‘the sloth’ tells us that the poem is probably about the animal, that lives in South America. It’s probably a poem for kids to read. In the first stanza the poet is talking about slowness. If you ask him something it takes him a year to realize that he’d been asked something. Next it says that all he does is hang on a tree upside down. Then it says that no matter you call him smug or insult him, he doesn’t care. He will still continue doing what he did before. In the last stanza he’s sleeping again swaying by his toes and just won’t bother to answer your question. But you just know that he knows he knows. Every poem has another meaning beyond the literal one. In this poem the poet writes ‘he’ for an animal and not ‘it’, so actually he’s not really talking about animals. He’s referring to lazy humans. Throughout the whole poem the poet was describing a lazy person. They’re self-satisfied, that’s why they never change their behavior. One way of achieving the qualities and making the words poetic is through poetic devices. It’s the technique or strategy a poet uses. It can help the poet or writer in developing cogent, e. g. the figures of speech. The poet was criticizing lazy people but he didn’t write it so obviously. He used metaphor. The poet also gives human characteristics to the sloth which is personification. For example: â€Å"he says, he thinks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . â€Å"He thinks about it for a Year†. The poet is exaggerating here, which is a hyperbole. He also uses capital letters. This makes a rhythm, patterns of sound. In addition the word EX-as-per-at-ing is divided into syllables to emphasize the word and call special attention to it. All lines rhyme in the poem. The sound of the last part of the word is identical in each stanza, so it’s a perfect rhyme. The tone of the poem could have been mean but he made it funny and friendly. The poet compared the lazy people to the lazy animals. The image I got after reading it a couple of times, is a stinky person watching TV on the couch while drinking coke and eating popcorn. They won’t even do the basic things for living or to stay clean. They’re too lazy to do anything. They’re happy with the way they are. So the theme of the poem is laziness. Bibliography http://ezinearticles. com/? Poetic-Devices-in-Poetry&id=110584 Total number of words : 438

The Women Of Sparta Women - 999 Words

Just as the men of Sparta had a predetermined job to fulfill for the city-state, the women also had obligations and demands that they had to succeed in. The woman of Sparta were highly educated and athletic. They were given the opportunity to go to school and receive an education in what historians believe subjects such history, music, drama, ready, writing, among other subjects. This gave the women of Sparta an advantage over other women in Greece, because at that the time they are believed to be the only ones attending schools. It was simple logic amongst the Spartans, that a strong Spartan couple would give birth to strong offspring’s. Spartan women were competitive and active. They would participate in competitions such as wrestling, dancing, and singing. Unlike your typical housewife, they did not have to worry about chores because of the helots. The women of Sparta were also trained in combat. They were shown how to defend themselves in case they needed to protect the c ity-state. Women were looked at to have strong male infants in order to raise them for the military and replace those who were lost in battle. Men were pressured into marriage and having children. They were praised for bringing the city state strong children and ridiculed if they delayed it. If a male was unable or failed to bring in strong children who passed the physical, they had to find a fellow Spartan for help. Married couples usually did not live together, because men had to live in theShow MoreRelatedThe Women of Sparta2093 Words   |  9 PagesSparta was cut off from the rest of Greece by high mountains and wild country sides, there for Spartans developed their own ideas of society and government. A domineering society that focused upon its military strength, Sparta did not allow its citizens the lenient lifestyle of Athenians. The ideology of Sparta was oriented around the state. The individual lived (and died) for the state. Their lives were designed to serve the state from their beginning to the age of sixty. Womens lives wereRead MoreWomen in Athens Sparta2088 Words   |  9 PagesWomen in Ancient Sparta amp; Athens By: Tony Knuth 12/9/09 Historians have spent a long time attempting to establish what exactly life was like for women in ancient Greece. Like all studies of ancient Greece, they focus primarily on the two most powerful city-states in the Hellenic world, Athens and Sparta. Since the majority of the primary documents deal with these two cities, historians are only able to decipher a fragmentary view of what life was actually like for the entirety of societyRead MoreThe Roman Women From Sparta And The Greek Women Essay2021 Words   |  9 Pagesbeing from the same time frame in history, the Roman women from Sparta and the Greek women from Athens were completely different. 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Sparta, known for its’Read MoreWomen Of Ancient Greece And Athens And Sparta1751 Words   |  8 PagesWomen of Ancient Greece Ancient Greece was a collection of individual sovereign City-States who shared a common vernacular and similar religious beliefs and rituals, rather than a united nation. Although many theories exist, we know very little for sure about the influence, importance, and status held by women in ancient Greece; in the home, socially, and politically. However, through some collections of poems and other works of art and literature we are given a brief insight as to the expectationsRead MoreComparing The Roles Of Women During Athens And Sparta1445 Words   |  6 Pagesthe roles of women in Athens and Sparta?† This question is relevant due to the fact that the role of women and how they were treated back then are very different than today and we’ve come a long way since then in terms of women’s rights. It’s also important to see the drastic differences between the roles of women from one Greek city to another. The issues that will be addressed are their treatment and roles within societies and how they differ from the Greek towns Athens and Sparta. The places investigated